Housing for All by 2022 to attract $ 1.3 trillion

<span style="font-weight: bold;">Major consolidations by way of mergers, acquisitions and joint development have also become a prominent trend in the Indian real estate sector.</span>
<p></p>
<p> The ancient Chinese curse, ‘May you live in interesting times,’ certainly has a lot of pertinence to the Indian real estate today. These are doubtlessly the interesting times for the sector, which has transformed significantly over the last decade. The pace of transformation has been accelerated further by the Central Government’s reformative steps, aimed at ushering in ‘Acche Din’ to the realty sector.</p>
<p>Whether or not that has happened to the expected extent is debatable but certainly a new regulatory environment is being created with the implementation of several disruptive policies. The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA), Goods and Services Tax (GST), Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act, 2016 and the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), among others, have all happened over the last four years.</p>
<p>These policies are bringing in higher level of transparency and accountability, financial discipline, focus and efficiency into the industry which could only be dreamed of in the past. Moreover, these reforms have opened new avenues for growth. Today, these are more than sufficient indicators to vouchsafe the country’s growth story and its positive repercussions on the Indian real estate sector.</p>
<p>The market size of the Indian real estate sector is expected to touch USD 180 billion by 2020 and is poised to grow at the rate of 30 per cent over the next decade. According to the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), the number of Indians living in urban areas is slated to increase from 434 million in 2015 to 600 million by 2031. The housing sector alone is expected to contribute around 11 per cent to India’s GDP by 2020.</p>
<p> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Rising PE investments </span><br />
The increasing share of real estate in the country’s GDP will be supported by increased industrial activities, improving income levels and rapid urbanisation across cities. In terms of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) equity inflows, real estate is the fourth largest sector in the country. The total FDI inflows in the sector were USD 24.67 billion from April 2000 to December 2017, which is 7 per cent of the total FDI equity coming into the country during this period.</p>
<p>As for Private Equity (PE) investments in the Indian real estate, the first quarter numbers of 2018 looked positive with the overall PE funding increasing by 15-17 per cent since a year ago. However, the steady fall in appreciation and persistent gloom in the residential property market caused PE investors to shift their focus towards other asset classes.</p>
<p>The sector which is seeing the most institutional investments right now is the commercial office real estate. Driven by rapid employment generation and the near possibility of the first REIT listings, Grade A office projects, IT parks and even logistics centres are currently yielding the levels of returns on investment that previously made the residential asset class so attractive to investors.</p>
<p>Data suggests that the average investment per deal, particularly in commercial real estate has increased by almost 3-4 times to nearly the average investment per deal 6-7 years back. Also, the appetite of institutional investors, including private equity, sovereign wealth and pension funds, is visibly increasing for matured, yield-producing commercial assets with established rentals and occupiers.</p>
<p>Needless to say, the rise of the institutional investors in the Indian real estate space will significantly improve levels of governance in the real estate sector and make it far more structured and transparent.</p>
<p> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Consolidations galore </span><br />
Major consolidations by way of mergers, acquisitions and joint development have also become a prominent trend in the Indian real estate sector. Some of the top deals in H1 2018 alone are worth over USD 1.5 billion, comprising of investors like Blackstone, Canada Pension Plan, Ascendas, GIC and India-based HDFC venture.</p>
<p> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Private equity forecast</span><br />
Office real estate attracted considerable private equity investments in 2017 and this trend continues in 2018. The promise of India’s first REIT listings is a sure-fire draw for liquidity infusions into the office real estate sector. In fact, this will cause commercial property players to deploy more bandwidth and resources into the commercial property asset class.</p>
<p>The ongoing sluggishness in residential real estate continues to work against it, with private equity players wary of the re-investment cycle risks associated with it. </p>
<p>However, while this means that commercial real estate will elicit the bulk of institutional investment interest over the mid-term, the government is also working hard at making the residential asset class more attractive for large investors.</p>
<p>Overall, India needs investments to the tune of USD 4 trillion over the next 5-6 years to fulfil the government’s various schemes. The Housing for All by 2022 initiative alone is likely to bring USD 1.3 trillion investments into the residential sector by 2025. In this environment, institutional financing is gaining prominence.</p>
<p> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Banks’ caution on real estate a major PE draw</span><br />
The rapid increase of non-performing assets (NPAs) significantly reduced the profit margins in the real estate sector and the RBI identifying the real estate sector as a high-risk business have made banks leery of too much exposure to this sector. Ultimately, funding sources like private equity, financial institutions, pension funds and sovereign wealth funds have to step in and these are now the predominant funding avenues for the real estate sector. PEs and other institutions have contributed nearly 75 per cent of the total funding coming into the sector in recent times. However, private equity players are now conducting thorough due diligence and investing only in clean and viable projects by established developers with strong track records for compliance and completion. Government interventions like RERA and GST have served as weeding-out mechanisms which will ultimately leave only strong, credible developers with the clout required to attract institutional funding in the fray. Overall, it has been a rather messy maturing process for the Indian real estate but it is largely so because there are decades of incredibly messy business practices to be cleaned. Judging by the levels of pain and consolidation, the process has induced in the sector; it is doubtlessly effective and we may yet see ‘Acche Din’ in the Indian real estate sector.</p>
<p> Authored by <span style="font-weight: bold;">Anuj Puri, Chairman, Anarock Property Consultants.</span></p>